Ontario Operator-in-Training (OIT) Practice Exam

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What is the function of facultative lagoons in wastewater treatment?

To exclusively treat without oxygen
To combine features of both aerobic and anaerobic treatment
To enhance chemical reactions in wastewater
To eliminate solid waste through filtration

The correct answer is: To combine features of both aerobic and anaerobic treatment

Facultative lagoons play a significant role in the wastewater treatment process by combining both aerobic (with oxygen) and anaerobic (without oxygen) treatment processes. This dual-functionality allows these lagoons to effectively break down organic matter present in wastewater. In a facultative lagoon, the upper layer of water is typically aerobic, relying on sunlight and natural aeration. In this layer, aerobic microorganisms thrive and decompose organic material using oxygen. Below this layer, in the anaerobic bottom layer, anaerobic microorganisms break down waste without oxygen, a process that can occur at lower oxygen levels. This stratification helps to create an environment where different types of microbial communities can thrive, enhancing the overall treatment efficiency. This combination is essential because it enables the treatment of varying wastewater conditions and provides flexibility in the decomposition processes, making facultative lagoons effective for managing organic pollutants in a wide range of wastewater types. The ability to operate under both conditions—whether oxygen is present or not—optimizes wastewater treatment and helps maintain balance in nutrient cycles.